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Oxygen Therapy

A Guide to Managing COPD

 Introduction For individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), supplemental oxygen therapy can be crucial for managing the condition. This guide will provide an overview of when and how to use oxygen therapy to improve your quality of life.

1. Determining the Need for Oxygen Therapy

  • Pulse Oximetry: A pulse oximeter measures blood oxygen levels using light. Normal readings are between 95-100%. COPD patients may have lower readings, typically between 90-95%.

  • Walk Tests: Tests like the 6-Minute Walk Test measure your oxygen levels during exercise. A significant drop in oxygen levels during activity may indicate a need for supplemental oxygen.

  • Arterial Blood Gas Test: This test measures oxygen levels in the blood directly from an artery. Normal values are between 80-100 mmHg. This is the most accurate method for determining blood oxygen levels.

2. Factors Affecting Oxygen Levels

  • Loss of Lung Tissue and Mucus Production: Emphysema and chronic bronchitis can damage lung tissue and increase mucus production, affecting oxygen absorption.

  • Altitude: Higher altitudes have lower oxygen levels, which can exacerbate breathing difficulties for COPD patients.

  • Activity and Exercise: Physical activity increases oxygen demand. COPD patients might need additional oxygen during exercise or may need a higher flow rate if they already use oxygen.

  • Acute Exacerbations: COPD flare-ups can temporarily worsen oxygen levels. Post-exacerbation, your oxygen needs may need reassessment.

3. Oxygen Prescription

Oxygen is a medication, and its use must be prescribed by a healthcare provider. Your prescription will include:

  • Usage Instructions: When and how to use your oxygen.
  • Flow Rate: Amount of oxygen flow in liters per minute (lpm).
  • Adjustments: Changes in flow rate for different activities or during sleep.
  • Equipment: Type of oxygen equipment to be used.

It’s important to use oxygen as prescribed to avoid potential health issues from overuse.

4. Types of Oxygen Delivery Equipment

  • Nasal Cannulas: Deliver oxygen through small prongs in the nostrils. Can be used with extension tubing, but excessive length may reduce oxygen flow.

  • High Flow Nasal Cannulas: Provide higher flow rates and are often used with humidifiers.

  • Oxygen Reservoir Cannulas: Feature a pouch that holds extra oxygen, making more available during inhalation.

5. Oxygen Reservoirs

  • Oxygen Tanks: Store oxygen at high pressure. Available in various sizes, with larger tanks lasting several days.

  • Liquid Oxygen: Stored in heavy containers; can be refilled and transferred to portable units. No electricity needed for portable units, but they can be costly.

  • Concentrators: Extract oxygen from the air and are powered by electricity. Portable models are available and can be battery-operated or plugged into a car adapter.

6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Oxygen Systems

System Advantages Disadvantages Maximum Liter Flow
Tanks Can hold thousands of liters, widely available. Large, heavy, requires secure storage. Up to 15 lpm
Concentrators Continuous oxygen production, portable options. Requires electricity, can be heavy. Up to 6 lpm
Liquid Oxygen Portable units available, no electricity needed. Large container is heavy, needs refilling, can evaporate. Up to 15 lpm

7. Oxygen Safety Tips

  • Avoid Smoking: Never smoke near oxygen equipment.
  • Keep Away from Flames: Avoid using oxygen around open flames or heat sources.
  • Proper Storage: Store tanks securely to prevent tipping.
  • Notify Services: Inform local fire, gas, and electric companies about your oxygen use and request priority service.

8. Who Supplies My Oxygen?

Your healthcare provider will guide you in selecting an oxygen supplier that works with your insurance. They will also provide training on using your equipment and address any questions.

9. Medicare Coverage

Medicare often covers oxygen therapy. Requirements include specific blood gas study results. Consult with your healthcare provider and Medicare to understand the coverage details.

10. Resources

For further assistance, you can contact the COPD Foundation at 1-866-316-COPD (2673).

Notes

For personalized guidance and additional information, consult your healthcare provider. This guide aims to help you understand and effectively manage your oxygen therapy for better health outcomes.