Recognizing and Treating COPD Exacerbations
What is an Exacerbation?
An exacerbation, or flare-up, in COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a significant change from your normal condition due to a lung infection. During an exacerbation, it becomes harder to breathe, and you may experience increased coughing, chest tightness, tiredness, or wheezing. It's crucial to recognize and address these symptoms early to prevent the condition from worsening.
Is it an Exacerbation or Just a Bad Day?
Differentiating between a COPD exacerbation and a "bad day" can be challenging. An exacerbation involves more severe and longer-lasting symptoms than the usual day-to-day variations caused by factors like weather, emotions, allergies, higher altitudes, exercise, or an empty inhaler. Noting changes in symptoms is essential, and contacting your healthcare provider at the first sign of a flare-up is vital.
Early Warning Signs of Exacerbation
Each person's early warning signs can vary, but common indicators include:
- Fever
- Increased use of rescue (quick-relief) medications
- Changes in the color, thickness, or amount of mucus
- Unusual tiredness
- New or worsening swelling in legs and ankles
- More wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath
- Morning headaches or dizziness
- Rapid or pounding heart rate
- Increased need for oxygen (if you use oxygen)
In severe cases, call 911 or emergency services if you experience:
- Severe shortness of breath or chest pain
- Blue or unusually pale lips or fingers
- Confusion, disorientation, or slurred speech
Exacerbation from an Infection
To reduce the risk of infections leading to exacerbations:
- Wash hands often and avoid sick people.
- Get a flu shot and pneumonia shot.
- Take maintenance and rescue medicines as prescribed.
- Have a My COPD Action Plan with your healthcare provider, available at the COPD Foundation website.
Managing Exacerbations
During an exacerbation, follow your My COPD Action Plan. This may include taking rescue medications more frequently or adding new medications like oral corticosteroids and antibiotics. Sometimes, supplemental oxygen is necessary. Monitoring early signs of a flare-up and acting quickly can prevent exacerbations from becoming severe.
Preventing Exacerbations
Having a written action plan is crucial. The My COPD Action Plan uses a traffic light system:
- Red: Stop and follow emergency steps, use medications as instructed, and call your healthcare provider immediately.
- Yellow: Slow down, a flare-up may be coming, and follow the action plan steps.
- Green: Stable or good condition.
Regular updates with your healthcare provider every six months ensure your plan remains effective.
Resources
For more information on COPD exacerbations, visit the COPD Foundation’s website at www.copdfoundation.org. Access helpful guides for managing COPD at copdf.co/guides, and join the online community at www.copd360social.org to connect with others managing COPD.
By recognizing early signs, maintaining an action plan, and taking preventive measures, you can manage COPD exacerbations effectively and improve your quality of life.