Skip to content
English
Contact us
  • There are no suggestions because the search field is empty.

Understanding COPD 101

A Guide for Patients

What Is COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of chronic lung diseases that cause inflammation and blockages in the airways. The two main types of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Common symptoms include difficulty breathing, low oxygen levels, and a persistent cough with or without mucus.

Who Can Get COPD?

COPD is often associated with smoking, but as many as 25% of people with COPD have never smoked. Other risk factors include early-life respiratory issues, genetic factors, certain infections, and environmental exposures such as pollution and chemical fumes.

Common Symptoms of COPD

  • Persistent cough with or without mucus
  • Wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • A tight feeling in the chest

Symptoms can vary from day to day and may worsen over time.

Diagnosing COPD

A pulmonary function test (PFT), often done in a primary care provider's office or by a pulmonologist, measures how well your lungs are working. The test involves blowing air into a spirometer. Other diagnostic tests may include chest x-rays, blood tests, or a six-minute walk test.

What Is a COPD Exacerbation?

An exacerbation, or flare-up, is a sudden worsening of COPD symptoms, which can be triggered by infections or environmental factors. Warning signs include:

  • Increased shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing
  • Fever
  • Unusual tiredness
  • Changes in mucus color, thickness, or amount
  • Increased use of a rescue inhaler

Treatment Options for COPD

COPD management includes a combination of medications and lifestyle changes tailored to each individual.

Medications:

  • Rescue Medications: Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief by widening the airways.
  • Maintenance Medications: Long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are taken daily to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms.

Additional Treatments:

  • Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A program that includes exercise and education to improve lung function.
  • Breathing Techniques: Methods like pursed-lip breathing to help increase oxygen intake.
  • Nutrition: Balanced meals provide energy needed for daily activities and breathing.
  • Vaccinations: Staying up to date with vaccines like flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19 to prevent infections.

Coping with COPD

Managing COPD involves both physical and emotional support. Joining support groups, either locally or online, can provide valuable resources and community. It is also important to maintain regular check-ups with healthcare providers and to communicate any changes in symptoms promptly.

For further information and resources, patients are encouraged to visit the COPD Foundation’s website and explore educational materials, videos, and community support networks.

Learn more: COPD 101

References:

  1. COPD Foundation. "COPD Exacerbations." COPD Foundation
  2. COPD Foundation. "COPD Treatments." COPD Foundation
  3. COPD Foundation. "Breathing Techniques." COPD Foundation
  4. COPD Foundation. "Exercise with COPD." COPD Foundation
  5. COPD Foundation. "Coping with COPD." COPD Foundation
  6. COPD Foundation. "Inhalers Basics." COPD Foundation
  7. COPD Foundation. "What is Pulmonary Rehab." COPD Foundation